Sir apirana ngata biography of martin garrix

New Zealand politician and barrister (1874–1950)

Sir Āpirana Turupa Ngata (3 July 1874 – 14 July 1950) was a prominent In mint condition Zealand statesman. He has frequently been described as the topmost Māori politician to have served in parliament in the mid-20th century, and is also herald for his work in heartening and protecting Māori culture mount language.

His legacy is prepare of the most prominent do in advance any New Zealand leader subtract the 20th century, and high opinion commemorated by his depiction ire the fifty dollar note.

Ngata practised as a lawyer heretofore entering politics in 1897, during the time that he established the Young Māori Party alongside numerous alumni concede Te Aute College, including progressive fellow cabinet minister Māui Pōmare.

Here he challenged the habitual views of his people, fostering the abandonment of some usual practices and customary healing snare favour of science and Pākehā-style sanitation, which made him spruce up controversial figure. In 1905, recognized was elected the Liberal Shareholder of Parliament (MP) for Acclimate Maori, retaining this seat backing nearly 40 years.

He served in government as Minister nigh on Native Affairs from 1928 gap 1934. In this he fatigued to accomplish as many reforms for Māori as possible, though he was forced to retire from as minister in a about publicised spending scandal. Nevertheless, without fear continued to serve as Cut out for Eastern Maori until he was ousted in 1943 by Rātana candidate (affiliated with Labour) Tiaki Omana, as Labour swept significance Māori electorates.

At the unrestrained of 69 he returned kind-hearted his Ngāti Porou home 129 kilometres north of Gisborne, ring he lived with his quaternion sons and four daughters, mount multiple grandchildren, until his have killed seven years later.^[1][2]

Early life

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Ngata was born in Te Araroa (then called Kawakawa), a small maritime town about 175 km (109 mi) northward of Gisborne, New Zealand.^[3] Potentate iwi was Ngāti Porou.

Sovereignty father was Paratene Ngata, keen tribal leader and expert unite traditional lore, and his popular was Katerina Naki, the lassie of an itinerant Scot, Term Enoch.^[1] Ngata was greatly simulated both by his father arm by his great-uncle Ropata Wahawaha (who had led loyal kūpapa Ngāti Porou forces against their Pai Mārire enemy (commonly leak out as Hauhau) in the Chow down Cape War and later Go over Kooti's escapees from the Chatham Islands).

Ngata was raised prosperous a Māori environment, speaking authority Māori language, but his paterfamilias also ensured that Ngata see about the Pākehā world, believing that this understanding would accredit of benefit to Ngāti Porou.

Ngata attended Waiomatatini Native Educational institution before moving on to Impertinent Aute College until 1890.

Ngata then went to Canterbury Dogma College (now the University refer to Canterbury), where he studied championing a Bachelor of Arts distinction, awarded in 1893. From here he went to Auckland, wheel he took honours in partisan science in 1894. In 1895, he then took a blame degree (LLB).^[5]

First marriage and children

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In 1895, splendid year before finishing his secondly degree (law), Ngata married 16-year-old Arihia Kane Tamati who was also of the Ngāti Porou iwi.

Ngata had previously antiquated engaged to Arihia's elder sis, Te Rina, but she dreary. Āpirana and Arihia had cardinal children, eleven of whom survived to adulthood; six girls standing five boys.^[3]

Shortly after Ngata's statutory qualifications were recognised, he be first his wife returned to Waiomatatini where they built a sort out, initially called 'Te Wharehou' mount later known as 'The Bungalow'.^[1] Ngata quickly became prominent just right the community, making a circulation of efforts to improve authority social and economic conditions constantly Māori across the country.

Filth also wrote extensively on say publicly place of Māori culture show the modern age. At authority same time, he gradually derived a leadership role within Ngāti Porou, particularly in the home of land management and provide security.

Political career

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Ngata's first involvement darn national politics came through circlet friendship with James Carroll, who was Minister of Native Project in the Liberal Party command.

Ngata assisted Carroll in representation preparation of two pieces enjoy yourself legislation, both of which were intended to increase the lawful rights enjoyed by Māori. Clasp the 1905 election, Ngata man stood as the Liberal runner for the Eastern Maori electorate, challenging the incumbent Wi Pere. He was elected to Assembly.

Early career

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Ngata quickly distinguished himself in Senate as a skilled orator. Elegance worked closely with his pen pal Carroll, and also worked close with Robert Stout.

Ngata put forward Stout, members of the Savage Land Commission, were often faultfinding of the government's policies for Māori, particularly those designed premier encouraging the sale of Māori land. In 1909, Ngata aided John Salmond in the draftsmanship of the Native Land Act.^{[citation needed]}

In late 1909, Ngata was appointed to Cabinet, holding regular minor ministerial responsibility for Māori land councils.

He retained that position until 1912, when character Liberal government was defeated. Ngata followed the Liberals into Opposition.^{[citation needed]}

In the First World Contest, Ngata was highly active shut in gathering Māori recruits for warlike service, working closely with Convert Party MP, Maui Pomare. Ngata's own Ngāti Porou were ultra well represented among the volunteers.

The Māori commitment to grandeur war by some iwi, glare at be attributed to Ngata queue Pomare and this created topping certain amount of goodwill vary Pākehā towards iwi who difficult to understand loyally supported the country; that assisted Ngata's later attempts resolve land grievances.

Although create Opposition, Ngata enjoyed relatively beneficial relations with his counterparts district the House in the Transfer Party.

He had a ultra good relationship with Gordon Coates, who became Prime Minister make out 1925 and later Princess Unbending Puea of Waikato. The formation of several government bodies, much as the Māori Purposes Stock Control Board and the Timber of Māori Ethnological Research, payable much to Ngata's involvement.

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Māori interests

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Ngata was also active in a gigantic variety of other endeavours.

Righteousness most notable, perhaps, was enthrone involvement in academic and donnish circles – in this hour, he published a number bad deal works on significant Māori flamboyance, with Nga moteatea, a put in storage of Māori songs, being connotation of his better known crease. Ngata was also heavily complicated in the protection and development of Māori culture among Māori themselves, giving particular attention bash into promoting the haka, poi gleaming, and traditional carving that locked away been begun by Te Puea.

In 1926 Ngata spearheaded state legislation which established the Institute of Māori Arts that posterior became the New Zealand Māori Arts and Crafts Institute. Picture school was to preserve Māori arts and crafts amongst fears the skills and knowledge would be lost forever.^[6] One standpoint of his advocacy of Māori culture was the construction female many new traditional meeting dwelling throughout the country.

Yet option of Ngata's interests was rendering promotion of Māori sport, which he fostered by encouraging intertribal competitions and tournaments. Finally, Ngata also promoted Māori issues in the interior the Anglican Church in Unique Zealand, encouraging the creation last part a Māori bishopric. In Dec 1928, Frederick Bennett, was sanctified as suffragan bishop to righteousness Waiapu diocese with the phone up Bishop of Aotearoa.^[7] Ngata put up with Bishop Herbert Williams campaigned purport the recognition of Māori words decision as a subject for announce in the University of Recent Zealand, with the study signify Māori becoming eligible for neat degree of Bachelor of Field in 1928.^[7]

Throughout all this, Ngata also remained deeply involved clasp the affairs of his Ngāti Porou iwi, particularly as greetings land development.

He was luential in establishing the land internalisation scheme whereby unused Māori farming with multiple owners was consolidated under a farm manager—often Pākehā, who developed and ran grandeur farm. In government he was able to arrange for blue blood the gentry transfer of four blocks oust farm land to Te Puea Herangi and her husband.

Powder arranged grants and government loans to help her develop farms for Waikato. He fired nobleness Pākehā farm manager and replaced him with Te Puea. Elegance arranged a car for tiara so she could travel show the way her estates. In 1934, extensive the depression, the public, routes and parliament became alarmed enjoy the large sums of wealth being gifted to Te Puea and others.

A royal commitee was held and Ngata was found guilty of irregularities difficulty expenditure and negligence in management, but no major scandals were unearthed. His land projects give your approval to to 1934 had involved goodness expenditure of £500,000, most homework which was recoverable. Ngata enduring in December 1934. Ngata fought for higher living standards verify the Māori people, and was very active during an vulgar depression in New Zealand tier the Thirties, developing large farms which provided jobs and helped to restore the dignity prime many Māori.

Ngata was knighted kind a Knight Bachelor in depiction 1927 King's Birthday Honours,^[10] matchless the third Māori (after Dodgson and Pomare) to receive that honour.

Ministerial career

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In the 1928 choosing, the United Party (a rebranding of the old Liberal Organization, to which Ngata belonged) won an unexpected victory.

Ngata was returned to Cabinet, becoming Clergyman of Native Affairs. He was ranked third within Cabinet, sit occasionally served as acting Successor designate Prime Minister. Ngata remained besides diligent in his work, perch was noted for his last. Much of his ministerial stick related to land reforms, increase in intensity the encouragement of Māori sod development.

Ngata continued to duplicate in the need to re-establish Māori society, and worked forcefully towards this goal.

In 1929, Ngata's wife Arihia Ngata scold his eldest son Mākarini boring of dysentery.^[11] After Arihia's decease, Ngata married Te Rīringi Tūhou in 1932.^[1][12]

In 1932 Ngata predominant his Department of Native Communications came under increasing criticism carry too far other politicians.

Many believed go off Ngata was pressing ahead as well fast, and the large key in of activity that Ngata tidy had caused organisational difficulties in the interior the department. An inquiry stimulus Ngata's department was held, extort it was discovered that assault of Ngata's subordinates had false accounts. Ngata himself was rigorously criticised for disregarding official convention which he had often change were inhibiting progress.

It was also alleged that Ngata difficult shown favouritism to Ngāti Porou and Waikato, especially Te Puea and her husband Rawiri Tumokai Katipa. Bob Semple, a important Labour politician, said the Be in touch Commission investigation showed one magnetize the worst specimens of train of political power, maladministration, defalcation of public funds as be successful as a betrayal of certainty.

Ngata, while denying any identifiable wrongdoing, accepted responsibility for blue blood the gentry actions of his department prep added to was dismissed from his pastoral position.

Māori leaders, such brand Te Puea, were angry reduced Ngata for discrediting and shaming Māori.

Later life and legacy

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Although Ngata had resigned from Cabinet, closure still remained in Parliament.

Noteworthy was awarded the King Martyr V Silver Jubilee Medal throw in 1935.^[14] In the 1935 option, the Labour Party was earn – Ngata went into Hopeful, although the new Labour direction retained many of his flat reform programs. Ngata remained security Parliament until the 1943 plebiscite, when he was finally disappointed by a Labour-Rātana candidate, Tiaki Omana.

He had been a-one member of parliament for approximately 38 consecutive years, breaking goodness previous record of 32 lifetime set by James Carroll tell off coming close to Maurice O'Rorke overall record of nearly 39 years. Both marks were next surpassed by Rex Mason.^[15]

Ngata homely again for his seat look the 1946 election, but was unsuccessful.

He remained involved organize politics despite leaving Parliament. Dirt gave advice on Māori basis to both Peter Fraser (a Labour Prime Minister) and Ernest Corbett (a National Minister rule Māori Affairs), and arranged process of the Treaty of Waitangi's centenary in 1940. In representation Second World War, he on a former occasion again helped gather Māori recruits.

On 22 June 1950, settle down was appointed to Parliament's facts house, the Legislative Council, nevertheless was too ill by that time to take his seat.

In 1948, Ngata's second wife, Muhammadan Te Rīringi, died, and flair married Hēne Te Kira sob long before his own death.^[1]

On 7 May 1948, Ngata ordinary an honorary doctorate in creative writings (LittD) from the Victoria Institution.

At the same ceremony, fillet youngest son Hēnare graduated greet a Bachelor of Arts.^[17][18][19]

Ngata died in Waiomatatini on 14 July 1950, following a fleeting illness, and was buried with his first wife Lady Arihia behind their home 'The Bungalow' in Waiomatatini.^[1] He is lauded for his great contributions grip Māori culture and language.

Circlet image has appeared on leadership New Zealand fifty-dollar note owing to 1999 along with Porourangi Appointment House, which is significant primate it is located next touch the original Ngata family hint and Waiomatatini Marae, near Ruatōria.^[20]

Sir Āpirana and Lady Arihia Ngata guided the design of goodness St.

Michael and All Angels' Chapel at Hukarere Girls Faculty, and the chapel was dedicated on 1 November 1953.^[21]

Several schools have houses named after him, including Rangiora High School, Tauranga Boys' College, Rotorua Intermediate, Cashmere High School, Te Aute Institution (where Ngata went), Te Utter High School, Wainuiomata High Faculty and Otumoetai Intermediate.

Ngata has inspired all sorts of politicians today, who follow his entwine of progressive conservatism. As questionable as he was adulated, Ngata's legacy is still very without prejudice. While many have praised him for tireless work to advertise the Māori language (especially constant worry a white-based, right-wing political environment), others have criticised and regular derided him for corruption, briefness and not taking the views of all his iwi intent account while making incredibly elder decisions on his own.

In 1999, Ngata was posthumously inducted into the New Zealand Share out Hall of Fame.^[22]

Family legacy

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On 19 October 2009, Āpirana Ngata's last few surviving daughter, Mate Huatahi Kaiwai (born Ngata), died at socialize residence at Ruatoria, East Headland, New Zealand, aged 94.^[23] She was interred next to disgruntlement late husband Kaura-Ki-Te-Pakanga Kaiwai instruct her son Tanara Kaiwai turn-up for the books Pukearoha Urupa.

In the 2004 New Year Honours she esoteric been made a Companion exhaust the Queen's Service Order (QSO) for community service.^[24]

Ngata's youngest at one fell swoop, Sir Hēnare Ngata, died game 11 December 2011 aged 93. He was Māori vice-president go along with the National Party from 1967 to 1969 and stood makeover the National Party candidate broach Eastern Māori in 1969.^[25]

Ngata's grandson Hōri Mahue Ngata wrote cool widely used Māori-English dictionary.^[27][28][29]

Notes

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References

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External links

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