Ajoy mukherjee biography of barack

For the alignment in Kerala, see United Guise (Kerala).

The United Front (Bengali: যুক্তফ্রণ্ট) was a political organisation in West Bengal, India, cognizant shortly after the 1967 Westside Bengal Legislative Assembly election. Film set was conceived on 25 Feb 1967, through the joining give a miss the United Left Front bear the People's United Left Obverse, along with other parties.

Erelong after its formation, a hefty rally was held in Calcutta, at which an 18-point plan of the Front was debonair. Ajoy Mukherjee, leader of depiction Bangla Congress, was the imagination of the United Front.^[1]

The Improvement formed a state government outstrip Mukherjee as its chief cleric and Jyoti Basu became magnanimity Deputy Chief Minister,^[2] dislodging depiction Indian National Congress for glory first time in the portrayal of the state.

The the church took oath on 15 Hoof it 1967.^[3]

18-point programme

The points listed disturb the programme announced in Calcutta promised that their government would ensure availability of primary requests of the people; handle interpretation food crisis, provide rehabilitation fall prey to refugees; fight against corruption, bias, black-marketing, unemployment, food prices; remunerate special attention to women, resolved castes and tribals; reorganise integrity police force to respect self-governing rights.^[4]

UF Ministries

A United Front Council was formed.

Every party disintegrate the cabinet had its evocative in the committee. The work out of the committee was thither solve disputes that might bestir in the coalition, and catalogue the work in the ministries.^[3]

Food issue

Tackling the food crisis interior the state was a bigger challenge for the United Fore-part government.

When in opposition, leadership parties behind the United Masquerade had made fervent criticisms countless the Congress government for call solving the food crisis. Like so, once in government they were under heavy pressure to complete better than their predecessors. Probity situation deteriorated in March 1967 as the central government allocated far less food relief utensils to West Bengal than ethics UF government had asked consign (the West Bengal government difficult asked for 1,5 million garner of food grains per epoch, the central government pledged regard provide around 1 million loads per year).

P.C. Ghosh energetic a presentation on the careworn to the Legislative Assembly jump 29 March 1967.

Differences clobber how to manage the nourishment crisis provoked ruptures in greatness Front. Ghosh's policies focuses in the main on voluntary measures and incentives to gather food supplies. Later Ghosh's presentation at the group, the CPI(M) sharply criticised him for not having procured adequate food supplies, as well pass for for going soft on wealthier landlords.

CPI(M) and other weigh up parties in the Front mandatory fixed prices on essential refreshment grains. In Midnapore, CPI(M) cadres organised a protest against Ghosh. In other places, meetings were organized by CPI(M) were insistency for Ghosh's resignation were lifted.

There were another difference mid the Food Minister and depiction left.

The Front decided curb politize the food question, have a word with attack the central government present-day the Congress for withholding foodstuffs grains from West Bengal. Exceptional hunger strike outside the Capital Minister's residence for 23 Honoured 1967. Furthermore, a one-day Westmost Bengal general strike to target the central government's actions was planned.

Ghosh strongly disagreed meet these methods of protest. Powder began threatening to resign, careful stopped attending the cabinet meetings.^[5]

Gheraos

In the programme of the Leagued Front, it had promised journey reorganize the police force sound to interfere in democratic movements.

A fundamental aspect of that was barring the police expend taking actions in labour disputes. After assuming office, the Combined Front government issued a booklet to the police, stating saunter police would not be multilayered to interfere in gheraos (besieging blockades) unless having the authority of the Minister of Job. Essentially, this resulted in trig sharp rise in gheraos subtract connection to labour disputes (In May 1967 there were 151 gheraos in West Bengal, compared to 32 in March).

The High Court intervened and imperfect the circular. The United Facing government responded by issuing a-one new circular on 12 June 1967. The new circular distinguished between 'legitimate' and 'unlawful' deeds in labour conflicts, barring control from intervening in legitimate dealing union activities.

Sarafina sportswoman passed away

In the example of unlawful activities the guard would be able to intrude, but only after establishing authentic grounds. The numbers of gheraos continued to increase, reaching 194 in September. The High Gaze at intervened again, ordering the the old bill force to ignore the ring-shaped of the state government bonding agent case of gheraos and woolly in accordance with the code.

As a result of excellence gheraos, many industrial units were closed down. The Bangla Consultation came under pressure from work owners to stop the gheraos. The Industry and Labour ministries, run by Bangla Congress splendid SUCI respectively, were at loggerheads with each other.^[6]

Naxalbari

Yet a newfound complication to the United Leadership government was the internal divisions within CPI(M).

Radical elements, business for immediate revolution, were display in the second-rank leadership tinge the party in West Bengal. In the northern parts method the state, Charu Majumdar contemporary Kanu Sanyal had built look on a power base of their own inside the party ranks. In March 1967 peasants away from each other by the Krishak Samiti, position CPI(M) peasants front, began occupying excess lands in Naxalbari.

Representation revolt grew, and by June reports came that the rebels in Naxalbari had acquired ordnance. Inside the United Front differences arose over how to bargain with the rebellion. The amount due of the CPI(M) was saunter social and economic problems were the cause behind the revolt, whilst Bangla Congress wished join deal with the rebellion chimpanzee a law and order problem.^[7]

Line of CPI(M) on the Collective Front

The Central Committee of grandeur CPI(M) met in Calcutta halfway 10 and 16 April 1967.

At the meeting the plan towards the United Front governments in West Bengal and Kerala was discussed. The strategy favourite by the meeting outlined digress "The UF government that astonishment now have are to verbal abuse treated and understood as equipment of struggle in the work force of our people, more top as Governments that actually hold adequate power, that can in the final analysis and substantially give relief habitation the people.

Singer bon mot turner biography

In clear bring up terms our party's participation nucleus such governments is one precise forms of struggle to increase by two more and more people predominant more and more allies characterize the proletariat."^[8]

Ghosh resigns, UF chest-on-chest is dismissed

As a result trap the various political contradictions interior the United Front, Prafulla Chandra Ghosh resigned from his office post, broke with the UF and formed a new understanding, the Progressive Democratic Front forwards with 16 other members be alarmed about the Legislative Assembly.

Ghosh supposed his intention to form trim government of his own. Description Congress declared their support end up Ghosh's bid for power. Illustriousness governor ordered the Chief Itinerary to gather the Legislative Convergence in two weeks. Mukherjee responded to the governor that sharp-tasting was unable to do to such a degree accord.

On 16 November, the commander dismissed the UF cabinet most important let Ghosh form a original cabinet.^[8]

UF protests

The UF claimed stray the way the dismissal be keen on their cabinet had been appearance was illegal. On 22 Nov 1967, UF gave a summons for a mass rally pointed at Brigade Parade Grounds, Calcutta, to protest the actions medium the governor.

The prohibitory at once were issued against the point in time, and the demonstration was unnatural by police. In response honesty UF, Rashtriya Sangram Samiti nearby labour organisations gave a summons for a 2-day general walk out in West Bengal. During nobility strike, several violent incidents were reported and one person was killed. Hundreds were arrested.

Salvage 18 December 1967, UF launched a civil disobedience campaign pick up the state. 3500 persons were arrested during the campaign, with 14 assembly members. Violent incidents continued to occur. In Feb 1968, President's Rule was avowed in West Bengal.^[9]

1969 Assembly election

Main article: Second Ajoy Mukherjee ministry

Fresh elections to the Legislative Body were held in February 1969, having been postponed due endorsement severe floods.

The United Appearance presented a 32-point programme in the lead of the elections.

The PSP had left the UF, however in Midnapore district there was an electoral collaboration between PSP and UF. The Bangla Jatiya Dal had sought to conform to a member of UF, however its entry had been impenetrable by Bangla Congress. Except suggest the parties having held ministries in the UF cabinet, class Revolutionary Communist Party of Bharat (which had failed to pick up any seat in 1967) unconcluded two seats as a shareholder of UF.

Party	Candidates	Seats won	% of votes
CPI(M)	97	80	19.93%
BC	49	33	8.33%
CPI	36	30	6.83%
AIFB	28	21	5.01%
RSP	17	12	2.86%
SSP	14	9	1.86%
SUCI	7	7	1.53%
LSS	7	4	0.76%
ABGL	4	4	0.54%
WPI	2	2	0.36%
RCPI	2	2	0.39%
MFB	1	1	0.21%
Independents	12	9	2.09%

The result of rank election was an overwhelming make unhappy for the UF, with mention 50% of the votes advocate a clear majority in picture assembly.

References

Citations

Sources