Chen ning yang biography of barack obama

Chinese physicist (born 1922)

In that Chinese name, the family fame is Yang.

Yang Chen-Ning or Chen-Ning Yang (simplified Chinese: 杨振宁; regular Chinese: 楊振寧; pinyin: Yáng Zhènníng; born 1 October 1922),^[1] too known as C.

N. Yang or by the English honour Frank Yang,^[2] is a Asiatic theoretical physicist who made generous contributions to statistical mechanics, integrable systems, gauge theory, and both particle physics and condensed substance physics. He and Tsung-Dao Face received the 1957 Nobel Cherish in Physics^[3] for their crack on parity non-conservation of bring into the light interaction.

The two proposed rove the conservation of parity, well-ordered physical law observed to enthrallment in all other physical processes, is violated in the soi-disant weak nuclear reactions, those 1 processes that result in high-mindedness emission of beta or be-all particles. Yang is also all right known for his collaboration awaken Robert Mills in developing non-abelian gauge theory, widely known owing to the Yang–Mills theory.

Early existence and education

Yang was born establish Hefei, Anhui, China. His ecclesiastic, Ko-Chuen Yang [zh] (楊克純; 1896–1973), was a mathematician, and his argot, Meng Hwa Loh Yang (羅孟華), was a housewife.^{[citation needed]}

Yang trying elementary school and high educational institution in Beijing, and in nobleness autumn of 1937 his next of kin moved to Hefei after leadership Japanese invaded China.

In 1938 they moved to Kunming, Province, where National Southwestern Associated Institute was located. In the identical year, as a second-year pupil, Yang passed the entrance investigation and studied at National South Associated University. He received top-notch Bachelor of Science in 1942,^[2] with his thesis on dignity application of group theory give an inkling of molecular spectra, under the superintendence of Ta-You Wu.

Yang lengthened to study graduate courses take for two years under leadership supervision of Wang Zhuxi, put on statistical mechanics. In 1944, he received a Master type Science from Tsinghua University, which had moved to Kunming mid the Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945).^[2] Yang was then awarded a lore bursary from the Boxer Indemnity Reconsideration Program, set up by excellence United States government using best part of the money China confidential been forced to pay shadowing the Boxer Rebellion.

His difference for the United States was delayed for one year, at near which time he taught corner a middle school as neat as a pin teacher and studied field theory.^{[citation needed]}

Yang entered the University reproach Chicago in January 1946 enjoin studied with Edward Teller. Unquestionable received a Doctor of Assessment in 1948.^[2]

Career

Yang remained at decency University of Chicago for unembellished year as an assistant difficulty Enrico Fermi.

In 1949 noteworthy was invited to do her majesty research at the Institute set out Advanced Study in Princeton, Novel Jersey, where he began on the rocks period of fruitful collaboration narrow Tsung-Dao Lee. He was notion a permanent member of loftiness Institute in 1952, and congested professor in 1955. In 1963, Princeton University Press published fulfil textbook, Elementary Particles.

In 1965 he moved to Stony Allow University, where he was baptized the Albert Einstein Professor show Physics and the first principal of the newly founded College for Theoretical Physics. Today that institute is known as goodness C. N. Yang Institute diplomat Theoretical Physics.

Yang retired strange Stony Brook University in 1999, assuming the title Emeritus Prof.

In 2010, Stony Brook Campus honored Yang's contributions to grandeur university by naming its current dormitory building C. N. Yang Hall.^[4]

Yang has been elected clean Fellow of the American Sublunary Society, the Chinese Academy aristocratic Sciences, the Academia Sinica, primacy Russian Academy of Sciences, prep added to the Royal Society.

He was an elected member of say publicly American Academy of Arts viewpoint Sciences,^[5] the American Philosophical Society,^[6] and the United States Racial Academy of Sciences.^[7] He was awarded honorary doctorate degrees unwelcoming Princeton University (1958), Moscow Refurbish University (1992), and the Asiatic University of Hong Kong (1997).

Yang visited the Chinese mainland in 1971 for the pull it off time after the thaw gradient China–US relations, and has in a few words worked to help the Asiatic physics community rebuild the digging atmosphere^{[citation needed]} which was annihilated by the radical political movements during the Cultural Revolution.

Make something stand out retiring from Stony Brook, sand returned as an honorary bumptious of Tsinghua University, Beijing, situation he is the Huang Jibei-Lu Kaiqun Professor at the Emotions for Advanced Study (CASTU). Inaccuracy is also one of dignity two Shaw Prize Founding Human resources and is a Distinguished Professor-at-Large at the Chinese University interrupt Hong Kong.

Yang was leadership first president of the Club of Asia Pacific Physical Societies (AAPPS) when it was habitual in 1989.^[8] In 1997 position AAPPS created the C.N. Yang Award in his honor assail highlight young researchers.^[9]

Personal life

Yang hitched Tu Chih-li (simplified Chinese: 杜致礼; traditional Chinese: 杜致禮; pinyin: Dù Zhìlǐ), a teacher, in 1950; they had two sons meticulous a daughter together.

His father-in-law was the Kuomintang general Defence Yuming. Tu died in Oct 2003. In January 2005, Yang married Weng Fan (Chinese: 翁帆; pinyin: Wēng Fān, a establishing student. They met in 1995 at a physics seminar; ethics couple reestablished contact in Feb 2004. Yang called Weng, who is 54 years his let fall, his "final blessing from God".^[10] Yang formally renounced his U.S.

citizenship in late 2015.^[11]

On 1 October 2022, Yang became graceful centenarian.^[12]

Academic achievements

Yang has worked break statistical mechanics, condensed matter intention, particle physics and gauge theory/quantum field theory.

At the Introduction of Chicago, Yang first debilitated twenty months working in chiefly accelerator lab, but he following found he was not rightfully good as an experimentalist coupled with switched back to theory.

Queen doctoral thesis was about cuspidal distribution in nuclear reactions.

Yang is well known funds his 1953 collaboration with Parliamentarian Mills in developing non-abeliangauge suspicion, widely known as the Yang–Mills theory. The idea was usually conceived by Yang, and nobleness novice scientist Mills assisted him in this endeavor as Mill said:^[13]

During the academic year 1953-1954, Yang was a visitor stop by Brookhaven National Laboratory...I was presume Brookhaven also...and was assigned elect the same office as Yang.

Yang, who has demonstrated lose control a number of occasions fillet generosity to physicists beginning their careers, told me about government idea of generalizing gauge invariableness and we discussed it motionless some length...I was able uncovered contribute something to the discussions, especially with regard to excellence quantization procedures, and to marvellous small degree in working become public the formalism; however, the decisive ideas were Yang's.

The Yang-Mills theory was called by Picture Scientist:^[14]

The foundation for contemporaneous understanding of how subatomic soil commotion interact, a contribution which has restructured modern physics and mathematics.

Subsequently, in the last three decades, many other prominent scientists keep developed key breakthroughs to what is now known as reckon theory.^{[citation needed]}

Later, Yang worked shot particle phenomenology; a well-known preventable was the Fermi–Yang model treating pion meson as a static nucleon–anti-nucleon pair.

In 1956, filth and Tsung Dao (T.D.) Take pleasure in proposed that in the exhausted interaction the parity symmetry was not conserved, Chien-shiung Wu's band at the National Bureau commentary Standards in Washington experimentally true the theory. Yang and Amusement received the 1957 Nobel Passion in Physics for their misunderstanding violation theory, which brought rebellious change to the field fair-haired particle physics.^[3] Yang has as well worked on neutrino theory confident Tsung Dao (T.D.) Lee, 1957, 1959, CT nonconservation (with Tsung Dao (T.D.) Lee and Heed.

Oheme, 1957), electromagnetic interaction taste vector mesons (with Tsung Dao (T.D.) Lee, 1962), CP nonconservation with Tai Tsun Wu (1964).

In the 1970s Yang phoney on the topological properties produce gauge theory, collaborating with Wu Tai-Tsun to elucidate the Wu–Yang monopole. Unlike the Dirac monopole, it has no singular Dirac string.

Yang has had swell great interest in statistical procedure since his undergraduate time. Complain the 1950s and 1960s, operate collaborated with Tsung Dao (T.D.) Lee and Kerson Huang, etc. and studied statistical mechanics settle down condensed matter theory. He phoney the theory of phase vary and elucidated the Lee–Yang go through the roof theorem, properties of quantum boson liquid, two dimensional Ising questionnaire, flux quantization in superconductors (with N.

Byers, 1961), and future the concept of Off-Diagonal Long-term Order (ODLRO, 1962). In 1967, he found a consistent example for a one-dimensional factorized smattering many-body system, the equation was later named the Yang–Baxter proportion, it plays an important character in integrable models and has influenced several branches of physics and mathematics.

Awards and honors

Selected publications

• Yang, C. N. (1983). Selected Papers, 1945–1980, with Commentary. San Francisco, CA: W. H. Resident & Co.ISBN .
• Yang, Chen-Ning (2013). Selected Papers of Chen Ning Yang II: With Commentaries.

  Singapore: Area Scientific. ISBN .

• Yang, C. N.; Refine, R. L. (1954). "Conservation emancipation Isotopic Spin and Isotopic Par Invariance". Physical Review. 96 (1): 191–195. Bibcode:1954PhRv...96..191Y. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.96.191.
• Mills, R. L.; Yang, C.

  N. (1966). "Treatment of Overlapping Divergences in greatness Photon Self-Energy Function". Progress describe Theoretical Physics Supplement. 37: 507. Bibcode:1966PThPS..37..507M. doi:10.1143/PTPS.37.507.

• Yang, C. N. (2005). "Remembering Robert Mills". In 't Hooft, Gerardus (ed.).

  50 discretion of Yang-Mills theory. Singapore: Universe Scientific. ISBN .

• Lee, T. D.; Yang, C. N. (1956). "Question exempt Parity Conservation in Weak Interactions". Physical Review. 104 (1): 254–258. Bibcode:1956PhRv..104..254L. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.104.254. S2CID 2044624.
• Lee, T.

  D.; Yang, C. N. (1952). "Statistical Theory of Equations of Offer and Phase Transitions. II. Framework Gas and Ising Model". Physical Review. 87 (3): 410–419. Bibcode:1952PhRv...87..410L. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.87.410. ISSN 0031-9007.

• Byers, N.; Yang, Catchword. N. (1961). "Theoretical Considerations En route for Quantized Magnetic Flux in Superconducting Cylinders".

  Physical Review Letters. 7 (2): 46–49. Bibcode:1961PhRvL...7...46B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.7.46.

See also

References

Citations

Sources

External links